AJCN EB Program 2010 Early Registration
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
 QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     


This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Purchase Article
Right arrow View Shopping Cart
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Barclay, A. W
Right arrow Articles by Brand-Miller, J. C
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Barclay, A. W
Right arrow Articles by Brand-Miller, J. C
Agricola
Right arrow Articles by Barclay, A. W
Right arrow Articles by Brand-Miller, J. C
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 87, No. 3, 627-637, March 2008
© 2008 American Society for Nutrition


ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION

Glycemic index, glycemic load, and chronic disease risk—a meta-analysis of observational studies1,2

Alan W Barclay, Peter Petocz, Joanna McMillan-Price, Victoria M Flood, Tania Prvan, Paul Mitchell and Jennie C Brand-Miller

1 From the Human Nutrition Unit, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (AWB, JM-P, VMF, and JCB-M); the Department of Statistics, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia (PP and TP); the Department of Ophthalmology, Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (VMF and PM); and the NSW Centre for Public Health Nutrition, Human Nutrition Unit, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (VMF)

Background:Inconsistent findings from observational studies have prolonged the controversy over the effects of dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) on the risk of certain chronic diseases.

Objective:The objective was to evaluate the association between GI, GL, and chronic disease risk with the use of meta-analysis techniques.

Design:A systematic review of published reports identified a total of 37 prospective cohort studies of GI and GL and chronic disease risk. Studies were stratified further according to the validity of the tools used to assess dietary intake. Rate ratios (RRs) were estimated in a Cox proportional hazards model and combined by using a random-effects model.

Results:From 4 to 20 y of follow-up across studies, a total of 40 129 incident cases were identified. For the comparison between the highest and lowest quantiles of GI and GL, significant positive associations were found in fully adjusted models of validated studies for type 2 diabetes (GI RR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.23, 1.59; GL RR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.45), coronary heart disease (GI RR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.56), gallbladder disease (GI RR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.40; GL RR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.25, 1.60), breast cancer (GI RR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.16), and all diseases combined (GI RR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.19; GL RR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.15).

Conclusions:Low-GI and/or low-GL diets are independently associated with a reduced risk of certain chronic diseases. In diabetes and heart disease, the protection is comparable with that seen for whole grain and high fiber intakes. The findings support the hypothesis that higher postprandial glycemia is a universal mechanism for disease progression.

Key Words: Glycemic index • glycemic load • dietary carbohydrates • epidemiology




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
Ann OncolHome page
C. Galeone, C. Pelucchi, L. D. Maso, E. Negri, R. Talamini, M. Montella, V. Ramazzotti, R. Bellocco, S. Franceschi, and C. La Vecchia
Glycemic index, glycemic load and renal cell carcinoma risk
Ann. Onc., November 1, 2009; 20(11): 1881 - 1885.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
J. Bao, V. de Jong, F. Atkinson, P. Petocz, and J. C Brand-Miller
Food insulin index: physiologic basis for predicting insulin demand evoked by composite meals
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, October 1, 2009; 90(4): 986 - 992.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Ann OncolHome page
P. Lagiou, M. Rossi, A. Tzonou, C. Georgila, D. Trichopoulos, and C. La Vecchia
Glycemic load in relation to hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with chronic hepatitis infection
Ann. Onc., October 1, 2009; 20(10): 1741 - 1745.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Ann OncolHome page
M. Rossi, L. Lipworth, L. D. Maso, R. Talamini, M. Montella, J. Polesel, J. K. McLaughlin, M. Parpinel, S. Franceschi, P. Lagiou, et al.
Dietary glycemic load and hepatocellular carcinoma with or without chronic hepatitis infection
Ann. Onc., October 1, 2009; 20(10): 1736 - 1740.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
A. E Buyken, A. L. Gunther, A. Barclay, J. Brand-Miller, and M. B Schulze
Glycemic index in overweight development: distinguishing limited evidence from limits in evidence
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, July 1, 2009; 90(1): 243 - 244.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
M. A Mendez and H. Schroder
Reply to AE Buyken et al
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, July 1, 2009; 90(1): 244 - 246.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
JDRHome page
P. Hujoel
Dietary Carbohydrates and Dental-Systemic Diseases
Journal of Dental Research, June 1, 2009; 88(6): 490 - 502.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
JAMAHome page
J. C. N. Chan, V. Malik, W. Jia, T. Kadowaki, C. S. Yajnik, K.-H. Yoon, and F. B. Hu
Diabetes in Asia: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Pathophysiology
JAMA, May 27, 2009; 301(20): 2129 - 2140.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
J. Hlebowicz, A. Hlebowicz, S. Lindstedt, O. Bjorgell, P. Hoglund, J. J Holst, G. Darwiche, and L.-O. Almer
Effects of 1 and 3 g cinnamon on gastric emptying, satiety, and postprandial blood glucose, insulin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide 1, and ghrelin concentrations in healthy subjects
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, March 1, 2009; 89(3): 815 - 821.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Nutr.Home page
M. M. E. van Bakel, N. Slimani, E. J. M. Feskens, H. Du, J. W. J. Beulens, Y. T. van der Schouw, F. Brighenti, J. Halkjaer, A. E. Cust, P. Ferrari, et al.
Methodological Challenges in the Application of the Glycemic Index in Epidemiological Studies Using Data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
J. Nutr., March 1, 2009; 139(3): 568 - 575.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
H. G Mulholland, L. J Murray, C. R Cardwell, and M. M Cantwell
Glycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of digestive tract neoplasms: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2009; 89(2): 568 - 576.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
JCOHome page
M. Puntoni, B. Bonanni, and A. Decensi
Dietary Changes After Breast Cancer in Women Without Hot Flashes: A Simple and Inexpensive Way to Target Tumor and Host?
J. Clin. Oncol., January 20, 2009; 27(3): 323 - 325.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
M. A Mendez, M. I. Covas, J. Marrugat, J. Vila, H. Schroder, and on behalf of the REGICOR and HERMES investigators
Glycemic load, glycemic index, and body mass index in Spanish adults
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2009; 89(1): 316 - 322.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
G. Livesey and H. Tagami
Interventions to lower the glycemic response to carbohydrate foods with a low-viscosity fiber (resistant maltodextrin): meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2009; 89(1): 114 - 125.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Am. Coll. Nutr.Home page
C. W.C. Kendall, A. Esfahani, A. J. Hoffman, A. Evans, L. M. Sanders, A. R. Josse, E. Vidgen, and S. M. Potter
Effect of Novel Maize-based Dietary Fibers on Postprandial Glycemia and Insulinemia
J. Am. Coll. Nutr., December 1, 2008; 27(6): 711 - 718.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
G. Livesey and R. Taylor
Fructose consumption and consequences for glycation, plasma triacylglycerol, and body weight: meta-analyses and meta-regression models of intervention studies
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2008; 88(5): 1419 - 1437.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
H. G Mulholland, L. J Murray, and M. M Cantwell
Glycemic index, glycemic load, and chronic disease risk
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, August 1, 2008; 88(2): 475 - 476.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
A. W Barclay, V. M Flood, J. C Brand-Miller, and T. Prvan
Reply to HG Mulholland et al
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, August 1, 2008; 88(2): 476 - 477.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
T.-P. Tuomainen, J. Mursu, and S. Voutilainen
Bold conclusions from inadequate evidence
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, August 1, 2008; 88(2): 477 - 478.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
A. W Barclay and J. C Brand-Miller
Reply to T-P Tuomainen et al
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, August 1, 2008; 88(2): 478 - 479.
[Full Text] [PDF]




HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Copyright © 2008 by The American Society for Nutrition