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Multivitamin-multimineral supplement use and mammographic breast density^1,2,3

¹ From Unité de Recherche en Santé des Populations, Centre Hospitalier Affilié Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada (SB, CD, and JB); Centre des Maladies du sein Deschênes-Fabia, Centre Hospitalier Affilié Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada (SB and JB); Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Université Laval, Québec, Canada (CD and JB); and Breast Cancer Functional Genomics Group and McGill Centre for Bioinformatics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (CD)

Background: The effect of multivitamin-multimineral supplements on the occurrence of chronic diseases, such as breast cancer, is unclear. Breast density is increasingly used as a biomarker of breast cancer risk.

Objective: The present study evaluated the association of multivitamin-multimineral supplement use with breast density.

Design: Premenopausal (n = 777) and postmenopausal (n = 783) women were recruited at the time of screening mammography. Anthropometric measurements were taken at recruitment. Demographic characteristics, behavioral factors, and health conditions were documented by telephone interview. Diet and multivitamin-multimineral and individual vitamin and mineral supplement use were assessed with a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire. Breast density from screening mammograms was measured using a computer-assisted method. Crude and adjusted means in breast density were evaluated according to multivitamin-multimineral supplement use using generalized linear models.

Results: Current multivitamin-multimineral supplement use was reported by 21.7% of women (20.7% and 22.6% of premenopausal and postmenopausal women, respectively). Premenopausal women who were currently using multivitamin-multimineral supplements had higher adjusted mean breast density (45.5%) than past (42.9%) or never (40.2%) users (P for heterogeneity = 0.03, P for trend = 0.009). Of the current users, breast density was not related to duration of multivitamin-multimineral supplement use. In postmenopausal women, multivitamin-multimineral supplement use was not associated with breast density (P for heterogeneity = 0.53, P for trend = 0.40).

Conclusion: Regular use of multivitamin-multimineral supplements may be associated with higher mean breast density among premenopausal women. The relations of multivitamin-multimineral supplement use to breast density and breast cancer risk need to be clarified.