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Sex differences in the inhibition of -tocopherol metabolism by a single dose of dietary sesame oil in healthy subjects^1,2,3

¹ From the Department of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden (JF and AK-E); the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Sciences (SL and MGT), and the Linus Pauling Institute (SWL and MGT), Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR; and the Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St Catharines, ON, Canada (JKA)

Background: -Tocopherol has unique properties that may be beneficial in sustaining optimal human health, but hepatic vitamin E metabolism enhances -tocopherol turnover.

Objective: Our aim was to determine the extent to which dietary sesame lignans alter human - and -tocopherol metabolism and elimination as carboxyethyl hydroxychromanols (CEHCs).

Design: Healthy participants (n = 5 women and 5 men) in a randomized, crossover study (with 4-wk washout) consumed muffins prepared with either corn oil or unrefined sesame oil (sesamin, 94 mg; sesamolin, 42 mg), along with a capsule containing a 1:1 molar ratio of deuterium-labeled d₆-- and d₂--tocopherol acetates (50 mg each). Plasma and urine were collected up to 72 h; unlabeled and labeled tocopherol and CEHC concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry.

Results: Sesame oil muffin consumption in men, but not in women, decreased (P < 0.05) areas under plasma d₂--CEHC concentration-time curves (area under the curve) and maximum concentrations. However, in both sexes urinary d₂--CEHCs were decreased for 24 h following sesame oil muffin consumption.

Conclusions: In humans, -tocopherol metabolism can be inhibited by the simultaneous consumption of -tocopherol and sesame lignans. The observed differences between men and women with respect to vitamin E metabolism warrant further investigation.