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American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 87, No. 6, 1743-1749, June 2008
© 2008 American Society for Nutrition

ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION

Maternal hormones linking maternal body mass index and dietary intake to birth weight1,2,3

Nina Jansson1, Anna Nilsfelt1, Martin Gellerstedt1, Margareta Wennergren1, Lena Rossander-Hulthén1, Theresa L Powell1 and Thomas Jansson1

1 From the Perinatal Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (NJ, AN, TLP, and TJ), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (MW), and the Department of Clinical Nutrition (LR-H), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden; the Department of Informatics, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden (MG); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH (TLP and TJ)

Background: Obese women often give birth to large-for-gestational age infants (typically defined as a birth weight greater than the 90th percentile), who are at risk of birth injuries and of developing metabolic syndrome later in life. The mechanisms underlying increased fetal growth remain to be established.

Objective: We aimed to identify maternal hormones that can explain the link between dietary intake, body mass index (BMI), and birth weight.

Design: Pregnant women with BMIs (in kg/m2) ranging from 17 to 44 (n = 49) were recruited in gestational weeks 8–12. Serum hormone concentrations were measured and dietary history interviews were performed in the first and third trimesters. Multiple regression models were produced to identify hormones that correlate with birth weight and are influenced by BMI or dietary factors.

Results: We found a strong positive correlation between BMI and first- and third-trimester insulin and leptin concentrations and a negative correlation between BMI and first-trimester adiponectin and first- and third-trimester insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1). Maternal total fat intake in the first trimester was positively correlated with maternal leptin and inversely correlated with adiponectin. In addition, third-trimester total fat intake was positively correlated with circulating resistin concentrations. First-trimester maternal serum resistin was positively correlated with birth weight, whereas third-trimester maternal IGFBP-1 was negatively correlated with birth weight.

Conclusions: High first-trimester maternal serum resistin and low third-trimester IGFBP-1 were correlated with increased birth weight. We propose that low serum concentrations of IGFBP-1 represent a link between high BMI and increased fetal growth by increasing the bioavailability of insulin-like growth factor-I, which up-regulates placental nutrient transport.






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