| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Beyond Cholesterol: Prevention and Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease with n–3 Fatty Acids |
1 From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, and Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
ABSTRACT
Large observational studies, randomized clinical trials, and experimental studies have evaluated the effects of fish and n–3 fatty acid consumption on fatal coronary heart disease (CHD) and sudden cardiac death (SCD), clinically defined events that most often share the final common pathway of fatal ventricular arrhythmia. These different study designs, each having complementary strengths and limitations, provide strong concordant evidence that modest consumption of fish or fish oil (1–2 servings/wk of oily fish, or 
250 mg/d of EPA+DHA) substantially reduces the risk of CHD death and SCD. Pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies and randomized clinical trials demonstrates the magnitude and dose-response of this effect, with 36% lower risk of CHD death comparing 0 and 250 mg/d of EPA+DHA consumption (P < 0.001), but then little additional benefit with higher intakes. Reductions in risk are even larger in observational studies utilizing tissue biomarkers of n–3 fatty acids that more accurately measure dietary consumption. The concordance of findings from different studies also suggests that effects of fish or fish oil on CHD death and SCD do not vary depending on presence or absence of established CHD. The strength and consistency of the evidence, and the magnitude of this effect are each notable. Because more than one-half of all CHD deaths and two-thirds of SCD occur among individuals without recognized heart disease, modest consumption of fish or fish oil, together with smoking cessation and regular moderate physical activity, should be among the first-line treatments for prevention of CHD death and SCD.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  M. K. Duda, K. M. O'Shea, and W. C. Stanley {omega}-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation for the treatment of heart failure: mechanisms and clinical potential Cardiovasc Res, October 1, 2009; 84(1): 33 - 41. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Johnston Functional Foods as Modifiers of Cardiovascular Disease American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, July 1, 2009; 3(1_suppl): 39S - 43S. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. E. C. Hanwell, C. D. Kay, J. W. Lampe, B. J. Holub, and A. M. Duncan Acute Fish Oil and Soy Isoflavone Supplementation Increase Postprandial Serum (n-3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Isoflavones but Do Not Affect Triacylglycerols or Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Overweight and Obese Hypertriglyceridemic Men J. Nutr., June 1, 2009; 139(6): 1128 - 1134. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. E. Huggins, C. L. Curl, R. Patel, P. L. McLennan, M. L. Theiss, T. Pedrazzini, S. Pepe, and L. M. D. Delbridge Dietary fish oil is antihypertrophic but does not enhance postischemic myocardial function in female mice Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, April 1, 2009; 296(4): H957 - H966. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. J Deckelbaum, A. Leaf, D. Mozaffarian, T. A Jacobson, W. S Harris, and S. R Akabas Conclusions and recommendations from the symposium, Beyond Cholesterol: Prevention and Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease with n-3 Fatty Acids Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, June 1, 2008; 87(6): 2010S - 2012S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
