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n–3 Fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: mechanisms underlying beneficial effects^1,2,3,4

¹ From the Institute of Human Nutrition, the Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University (UJJ, CT, and RJD), and Scientiae, LLC, New York, NY (APT)

ABSTRACT

Dietary n–3 fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, are important nutrients through the life cycle. Evidence from observational, clinical, animal, and in vitro studies indicates a beneficial role of n–3 fatty acids in the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease. Although the precise mechanisms are still unclear, clinical and preclinical studies indicate that the cardioprotective effects of n–3 fatty acids may be attributed to a number of distinct biological effects on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, blood pressure, platelet function, arterial cholesterol delivery, vascular function, and inflammatory responses.