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Phylloquinone intake, insulin sensitivity, and glycemic status in men and women^1,2,3

¹ From the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center, Tufts University, Boston, MA (MY, SLB, ES, and PFJ), and the General Medicine Division and the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (JBM)

Background: Limited evidence suggests that vitamin K may have a beneficial role in glucose homeostasis. No observational data exist on the associations between vitamin K intake and insulin sensitivity.

Objective: We aimed to examine associations between vitamin K intake and measures of insulin sensitivity and glycemic status in men and women aged 26–81 y.

Design: We assessed the cross-sectional associations of self-reported phylloquinone (vitamin K₁) intake with insulin sensitivity and glycemic status in the Framingham Offspring Cohort. Dietary and supplemental phylloquinone intakes were assessed by using a food-frequency questionnaire. Insulin sensitivity was measured by fasting and 2-h post-oral-glucose-tolerance test (OGTT) insulin, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and the insulin sensitivity index (ISI_0,120). Glycemic status was assessed by fasting and 2-h post-OGTT glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA_1c).

Results: Higher phylloquinone intake was associated with greater insulin sensitivity and glycemic status, as measured by 2-h post-OGTT insulin and glucose and ISI_0,120, after adjustment for age, sex, waist circumference, lifestyle characteristics, and diet quality [2-h post-OGTT insulin: lowest and highest quintile, 81.0 and 72.7 µU/mL, respectively (P for trend = 0.003); 2-h post-OGTT glucose: 106.3 and 101.9 mg/dL, respectively (P for trend = 0.009); ISI_0,120: 26.3 and 27.3 mgL²/mmolmUmin (P for trend = 0.009)]. Phylloquinone intake was not associated with fasting insulin and glucose concentrations, HOMA-IR, or HbA_1c.

Conclusion: Our findings support a potential beneficial role for phylloquinone in glucose homeostasis in men and women.

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