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Plasma selenium concentration and prostate cancer risk: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)^1,2,3

¹ From the Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (NEA, PNA, AWR, and TJK); the Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (ATj and NFJ); the Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (KO); the Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany and the Department of Urology, Charité–University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany (SW and HB); the Division of Clinical Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany (RK and JL); the Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (AT and GM); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Cambridge, MA, and the Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (DT); the CPO-Piemonte and ISI Foundation, Torino, Italy (CS); the Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy (SG); the Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, CSPO-Scientific Institute of Tuscany, Florence, Italy (DP); the Cancer Registry, Azienda Ospedaliera "Civile MP Arezzo," Ragusa, Italy (RT); the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands (HBBdM); Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands (LAK); the Public Health Institute of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain (AB); the Epidemiology Unit, Basque Health Department in Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian, Spain (NL); the Andalusian School of Public Health–Granada and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain (M-JS); the Department of Epidemiology, IDIBELL–Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (AA); the Epidemiology Department, Murcia Health Council, Murcia, Spain, and CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain (M-JT); the Public Health & Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain (LR); the Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden (PS); the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University Hospital Nutritional Research, Umeå, Sweden (GH); the MRC Centre for Nutritional Epidemiology in Cancer Prevention and Survival, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, United Kingdom (SB); the Department of Gerontology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (K-TK); the International Agency for Research on Cancer–WHO, Lyon, France (NS, SR, and PB); and the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (ER)

² Supported by Cancer Research UK; Europe Against Cancer Programme of the European Commission; German Cancer Aid; German Cancer Research Center; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research; Danish Cancer Society; Health Research Fund of the Spanish Ministry of Health; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain; the participating regional governments and institutions of Spain; Medical Research Council, United Kingdom; the Stroke Association, United Kingdom; British Heart Foundation; Department of Health, United Kingdom; Food Standards Agency, United Kingdom; Greek Ministry of Education; Greek Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity; Hellenic Health Foundation; Italian Association for Research on Cancer; Italian National Research Council; Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports; Dutch Ministry of Health; Dutch Prevention Funds; LK Research Funds; Dutch Zorg Onderzoek Nederland; World Cancer Research Fund; Swedish Cancer Society; Swedish Scientific Council; and Regional Government of Skane, Sweden.

³ Reprints not available. Address correspondence to NE Allen, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom OX3 7LF. E-mail: naomi.allen{at}ceu.ox.ac.uk

Background: Some evidence indicates that a low selenium intake may be associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of plasma selenium concentration with subsequent prostate cancer risk and to examine this association by stage and grade of disease and other factors.

Design: A nested case-control study was performed among men in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). The association between plasma selenium concentration and prostate cancer risk was assessed in 959 men with incident prostate cancer and 1059 matched controls.

Results: Overall, plasma selenium concentration was not associated with prostate cancer risk; the multivariate relative risk for men in the highest fifth of selenium concentration compared with the lowest fifth was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.70, 1.31; P for trend = 0.25). There were no significant differences in the association of plasma selenium with risk when analyzed by stage or grade of disease. Similarly, the association of selenium with risk did not differ by smoking status or by plasma - or -tocopherol concentration.

Conclusion: Plasma selenium concentration was not associated with prostate cancer risk in this large cohort of European men.

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