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Metabolic syndrome and serum fatty acid patterns in serum phospholipids in hypertriglyceridemic persons with human immunodeficiency virus

¹ From the Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Nutrition/Infection Unit, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (MNW, CAW, AMT, KRD, and HMBS); the Divisions of Clinical Nutrition (P-RL and BRB) and Gastroenterology (CEA), Department of Medicine, the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and the Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH (KMH).

² Supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (grants R01 DK63619, P01-D45734, and P30 DA013868); by the General Clinical Research Center, Tufts–New England Medical Center, Boston, MA; and by the Division of Research Resources, National Institutes of Health (grant M01-RR00054).

³ Reprints not available. Address correspondence to MN Woods, Tufts University School of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Nutrition/Infection Unit, 150 Harrison Avenue, Jaharis 265, Boston, MA 02111. E-mail: margo.woods{at}tufts.edu.

Background: HIV infection and its treatment are associated with abnormal lipid profiles. High triglyceride concentrations and low HDL-cholesterol concentrations are the most common health abnormalities and raise concerns about an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

Objective: We compared the fatty acid patterns of serum phospholipids between persons with HIV and non-HIV controls to determine whether there are differences that explain the elevated triglyceride concentrations, insulin resistance, and inflammation that are part of the metabolic syndrome in patients with HIV.

Design: Thirty-nine persons with HIV and elevated serum triglycerides (>150 mg/dL) and/or indicators of insulin resistance were recruited to examine fatty acid profiles in serum phospholipid fractions relative to those of 2 control groups without HIV (n = 31).

Results: Higher concentrations of 16:1 and 18:0 fatty acids in the phospholipid fraction indicated increased lipogenesis in the HIV patients and in the non-HIV controls at risk of the metabolic syndrome. However, the subjects with HIV had higher concentrations of both n–6 (omega-6) and n–3 fatty acids of higher elongation and desaturation levels, which indicated a greater promotion of these pathways in this population. The nanomolar percentage (%nmol) arachidonic acid was the same in all 3 groups.

Conclusions: Persons with and without HIV, at risk of the metabolic syndrome, show indications of increased lipogenesis, more so in subjects with HIV taking medication. Higher proportions of distal elongation and desaturation fatty acid products were seen only in the phospholipids fatty acid fraction of the subjects with HIV.

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				M. N Woods, C. A Wanke, P.-R. Ling, K. M Hendricks, A. M Tang, T. A Knox, C. E Andersson, K. R Dong, S. C Skinner, and B. R Bistrian Effect of a dietary intervention and n-3 fatty acid supplementation on measures of serum lipid and insulin sensitivity in persons with HIV Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, December 1, 2009; 90(6): 1566 - 1578. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]