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Weight loss during oligofructose supplementation is associated with decreased ghrelin and increased peptide YY in overweight and obese adults^1,2,3

¹ From the Faculty of Medicine (JAP and RAR), and the Faculty of Kinesiology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (RAR), University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.

² Supported by grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the University of Calgary and by a scholarship from the Cosmopolitan Club of Calgary (JAP). The oligofructose (Raftilose P95) was kindly provided by Quadra Chemicals Ltd (Burlington, ON, Canada).

³ Address correspondence to RA Reimer, Faculties of Kinesiology and Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 1N4. E-mail: reimer{at}ucalgary.ca.

Background: Rodent studies show that oligofructose promotes weight loss, stimulates satiety hormone secretion, reduces energy intake, and improves lipid profiles.

Objective: Our objective was to examine the effects of oligofructose supplementation on body weight and satiety hormone concentrations in overweight and obese adults.

Design: This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Forty-eight otherwise healthy adults with a body mass index (in kg/m²) > 25 were randomly assigned to receive 21 g oligofructose/d or a placebo (maltodextrin) for 12 wk. Body composition (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry); meal tolerance tests, including satiety hormone response; food intake; and subjective appetite ratings were determined.

Results: There was a reduction in body weight of 1.03 ± 0.43 kg with oligofructose supplementation, whereas the control group experienced an increase in body weight of 0.45 ± 0.31 kg over 12 wk (P = 0.01). A lower area under the curve (AUC) for ghrelin (P = 0.004) and a higher AUC for peptide YY (PYY) with oligofructose (P = 0.03) coincided with a reduction in self-reported caloric intake (P 0.05). Glucose decreased in the oligofructose group and increased in the control group between initial and final tests (P 0.05). Insulin concentrations mirrored this pattern (P 0.05). Oligofructose supplementation did not affect plasma active glucagon-like peptide 1 secretion. According to a visual analog scale designed to assess side effects, oligofructose was well tolerated.

Conclusions: Independent of other lifestyle changes, oligofructose supplementation has the potential to promote weight loss and improve glucose regulation in overweight adults. Suppressed ghrelin and enhanced PYY may contribute in part to the reduction in energy intake. The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00522353.

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