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Dairy and industrial sources of trans fat do not impair peripheral insulin sensitivity in overweight women^1,2,3

¹ From INRA, UMR 1019 Nutrition Humaine, Saint Genès Champanelle, France (A-LT, CM-B, CG, J-PR, BL, YB, J-MC, and BM); Clermont Université, UFR Médecine, UMR 1019 Nutrition Humaine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France (A-LT, CM-B, CG, J-PR, BL, YB, J-MC, and BM); CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France (A-LT, CM-B, CG, J-PR, BL, YB, J-MC, and BM); CRNH Rhône-Alpes, Lyon, France (SL-P, ML, and M-CM); INRA, UMR1235 Régulations Métaboliques Nutrition et Diabètes, Villeurbanne, France (M-CM and ML); Lactalis, Recherche et Développement, Laval, France (PL); and INRA, UMR1080 Production de Lait, Saint-Gilles, France (J-LP).

² Supported by "French National Agency for Research" (ANR-05-PNRA-n°5.E.24, Transqual) and "PHRC- Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique" (Trans-Insulin, no. 23000162).

³ Address correspondence to B Morio, UMR 1019 INRA Nutrition Humaine, Human Nutrition Laboratory, BP 321, 58 Montalembert Street, 63009 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France. E-mail: morio{at}clermont.inra.fr.

Background: The 2 major dietary sources of trans fatty acids (TFAs) are partially hydrogenated oils and ruminant-derived products. Epidemiologic data suggest that chronic consumption of industrial sources of TFAs could be damaging to insulin sensitivity, but intervention studies on this issue have remained inconclusive.

Objective: The trial was designed to compare the effects of dairy compared with industrial sources of TFAs on insulin sensitivity in overweight women.

Design: Sixty-three healthy women with abdominal obesity [waist circumference >88 cm and a body mass index (in kg/m²) >28] were recruited. After a run-in period, the volunteers were randomly assigned to consume 1 of 3 four-week diets: 60 g low-TFA lipids/d (0.54 g/d; n = 21), ruminant TFA–rich lipids (4.86 g/d; n = 21), or industrial TFA–rich lipids (5.58 g/d; n = 21). Changes in peripheral insulin sensitivity were assessed by using hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps.

Results: After the intervention period, fasting glycemia and insulinemia and insulin sensitivity were not significantly modified in either group (P > 0.05).

Conclusions: These data indicate that consumption of dairy- and industrial-source TFAs for 4 wk at nutritional levels do not impair peripheral insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant women. Our study may not preassess the effects of TFAs in normal insulin-sensitive individuals. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00617435.