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Comparison of dietary conjugated linoleic acid with safflower oil on body composition in obese postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus^1,2,3,4

¹ From the Departments of Human Nutrition (LEN, ALC, MLA, LFL, JRR, and MAB) and Statistics (JCH and DL), Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (KO and RDJ), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, and Nutrition and Health, Cognis, Monheim, Germany (DB).

² Cognis had no input into the design, interpretation, or dissemination of findings from the study. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

³ Supported, in part, by the National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR025755) and the Clinical Research Center at the Ohio State University (grant M01-RR00034) from the NIH, the Caroline S Kennedy Endowment. An unrestricted monetary gift and dietary oils were donated by Cognis (Monheim, Germany, and Cincinnati, OH).

⁴ Address correspondence to MA Belury, Department of Human Nutrition, The Ohio State University, 1787 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210. E-mail: mbelury{at}ehe.osu.edu.

Background: Weight loss may improve glucose control in persons with type 2 diabetes. The effects of fat quality, as opposed to quantity, on weight loss are not well understood.

Objective: We compared the effects of 2 dietary oils, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and safflower oil (SAF), on body weight and composition in obese postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes.

Design: This was a 36-wk randomized, double-masked, crossover study. Fifty-five obese postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes received SAF or CLA (8 g oil/d) during two 16-wk diet periods separated by a 4-wk washout period. Subjects met monthly with the study coordinator to receive new supplements and for assessment of energy balance, biochemical endpoints, or anthropometric variables.

Results: Thirty-five women completed the 36-wk intervention. Supplementation with CLA reduced body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.0022) and total adipose mass (P = 0.0187) without altering lean mass. The effect of CLA in lowering BMI was detected during the last 8 wk of each 16-wk diet period. In contrast, SAF had no effect on BMI or total adipose mass but reduced trunk adipose mass (P = 0.0422) and increased lean mass (P = 0.0432). SAF also significantly lowered fasting glucose (P = 0.0343) and increased adiponectin (P = 0.0051). No differences were observed in dietary energy intake, total fat intake, and fat quality in either diet period for either intervention.

Conclusions: Supplementation with CLA and SAF exerted different effects on BMI, total and trunk adipose mass, and lean tissue mass in obese postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. Supplementation with these dietary oils may be beneficial for weight loss, glycemic control, or both.

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