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ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION |
1 From the University of Florida, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Gainesville, FL (TMM and SDA); the National Institute on Aging, Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography and Biometry, Bethesda, MD (TBH); the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD (JEE); the Departments of Nutritional Sciences (DAS) and Kinesiology (LHC), University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI; the Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (MJD); the Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University and EMGO, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (MV); the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN (FT); the San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA (SRC and DCM); the Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (ABN); the National Institute on Aging, Clinical Research Branch, Baltimore, MD (EMS); and the Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Statistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (DCB).
2 Supported by the NIA Claude D. Pepper Center (P30AG028740) and a grant from the Institute on Aging at the University of Florida. The Health, Aging and Body Composition Study was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute on Aging (contracts N01-AG-6-2106, N01-AG-6-2101, and N01-AG-6-2103) with additional support from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
3 Address correspondence to TM Manini, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, PO Box 112610, Gainesville, FL 32611-0107. E-mail: tmanini{at}aging.ufl.edu.
for the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study
Background: Change in body composition, specifically loss of fat-free mass and gain in fat mass, in older adults is a major pathway leading to the onset of functional decline and physical disability.
Objective: The objective was to determine the association of activity-related energy expenditure with change in body mass and composition among older men and women.
Design: Total energy expenditure (TEE) was assessed over 2 wk by using the doubly labeled water method in 302 community-dwelling older adults aged 70–82 y. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) was measured by using indirect calorimetry, and the thermic effect of meals was estimated at 10% of TEE. Activity energy expenditure (AEE) was calculated as [TEE(0.9) – RMR]. Total body mass, fat-free mass (FFM), and fat mass (FM) were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry annually over a mean (±SD) of 4.9 ± 1.3 y.
Results: In multivariate models adjusted for baseline age, smoking status, and race, men and women had a decline (in kg/y) in body mass (men: –0.34, 95% CI: –0.71, 0.02; women: –0.45, 95% CI: –0.71, –0.19) and FFM (men: –0.48, 95% CI: –0.67, –0.29; women: –0.14, 95% CI: –0.026, –0.03). No changes (in kg/y) were observed in FM (men: 0.14, 95% CI: –0.10, 0.38; women: –0.28, 95% CI: –0.49, –0.07). In men and women, higher AEE at baseline was associated with greater FFM. The average change in these outcomes (ie, slope), however, was similar across tertiles of AEE.
Conclusions: These data suggest that accumulated energy expenditure from all physical activities is associated with greater FFM, but the effect does not alter the trajectory of FFM change in late life.
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