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This Article Full Text (Publish Ahead of Print[PDF]) Supplemental data All Versions of this Article: 90/6/1648    most recent ajcn.2009.28371v1 Purchase Article View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Google Scholar Articles by Lachat, C. Articles by Kolsteren, P. PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Lachat, C. Articles by Kolsteren, P. Agricola Articles by Lachat, C. Articles by Kolsteren, P.

Eating out of home in Vietnamese adolescents: socioeconomic factors and dietary associations^1,2,3,4

¹ From the Nutrition and Child Health Unit, Prince Leopold Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium (CL, DR, and PK); the Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (CL and PK); and the National Institute of Nutrition, Hanoi, Vietnam (LNBK, NCK, NQD, and NDVA).

² The Nutricia Research Foundation and Nutrition Third World were not involved in the study design, collection, analysis, or interpretation of the data.

³ Supported by the Nutricia Research Foundation and Nutrition Third World.

⁴ Address correspondence to P Kolsteren, Nutrition and Child Health Unit, Prince Leopold Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. E-mail: pkolsteren{at}itg.be.

ABSTRACT

Background: Out-of-home (OH) eating in developed countries is associated with suboptimal dietary intakes, but evidence is scarce on the situation in developing countries.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the nutritional contribution of OH eating and related socioeconomic determinants in Vietnamese adolescents.

Design: A 24-h recall was used to collect food intake data in a cross-sectional study of 1172 adolescents living in urban and rural areas. Multilevel analysis compared the mean daily intakes of energy, energy density, energy from fat, food groups, vitamin A, iron, and zinc in low, middle, and high consumers of OH food. Socioeconomic associations of OH eating were analyzed in a subsample of 870 adolescents.

Results: OH foods contributed 42% of fruit and vegetables, 23% of sodium, 21% of energy, 21% of vitamin A, 21% of iron, and 21% of zinc consumed per day. OH eating was negatively associated with total energy intake and energy density and positively associated with dietary diversity, energy contribution from fat, and consumption of sugar products. In rural areas, OH eating was positively associated with iron, fruit, meat, poultry, and offal intake. Female sex (P < 0.001), residence in urban areas (P < 0.001), and amount of pocket money (P < 0.001) were positively associated with consumption of OH foods.

Conclusions: OH eating added a number of desirable foods and nutrients but was also associated with higher consumption of energy from fat and sugar products. Independent of household wealth and locality, pocket money and sex are important determinants of OH eating.

Received for publication July 10, 2009. Accepted for publication September 22, 2009.