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Nutrition for Sport and Exercise

VA Medical Center NMEL/NLR 3J106 2200 Fort Roots Drive North Little Rock, AR 72114-1706 E-mail: campbellwaynew{at}exchange.uams.edu

Nutrition for Sport and Exercise, 2nd ed, edited by Jacqueline R Berning and Suzanne Nelson Steen, 1998, 297 pages, hardcover, $52.00. Aspen Publishers, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD.

Nutrition for Sport and Exercise presents an authoritative review and summary of research integrating the sciences of nutrition and exercise. The editors indicate that the book is geared toward health care professionals who work with highly trained athletes and teams. Each of the 14 chapters is authored by experts on nutrition and exercise physiology from academia or industry.

Chapter 1 presents a global overview of some basic principals of exercise physiology and recommended exercise programs. Special focus is devoted to the bioenergetics of exercise and the energy requirements of athletes. Although the title of this introductory chapter is "Exercise Physiology: Implications for Sports Nutrition," the authors did not attempt to integrate the chapter with the rest of the book; therefore, large sections of the chapter do not relate specifically to sports nutrition.

Chapters 2–5 are devoted to information about carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and minerals. The chapter on carbohydrates describes nicely the basis for selecting the types and quantities of carbohydrate for different types, intensities, and durations of exercise. Strengths of this chapter include the detailed description of carbohydrate-loading techniques for athletic performance enhancement and the critical evaluation of selected fad-diet regimens. The chapter on protein requirements of athletes begins with a general description of methods used to quantify protein utilization and factors that might affect protein metabolism. Statements in the chapter promote the idea that resistance- and endurance-trained athletes have greater protein needs than outlined by the current recommended dietary allowances, without strong support from the literature on protein requirements. The brief discussion of potential dangers of excess protein intake highlights that this topic remains largely unstudied and is ripe with potential misinformation. The chapter on fat metabolism during exercise describes well the metabolism and utilization of fat, issues related to fat supplementation during exercise, and the effects of dietary fat intake on performance. The chapter on minerals and trace minerals describes current research in athletics for select minerals: calcium, magnesium, phosphate, iron, zinc, copper, selenium, and chromium. This chapter is rich with information (232 references cited) presented in a descriptive fashion.

Chapters 6 and 7 discuss antioxidant supplementation and nutritional ergogenic aids, respectively. The chapter on antioxidant supplementation focuses mainly on vitamins E and C and highlights briefly important issues and the need for additional research in this important area. The well-written chapter on nutritional ergogenic aids discusses the rationales for use of and available data (or lack thereof) on a variety of popular ergogenic compounds and supplements. Chapter 8 addresses the fluid needs of athletes. Chapter 9 describes selected models and methods of body-composition assessment and discusses the important relation between physical performance and fat mass and fat-free mass. Chapter 10 addresses issues of energy balance and describes methods for predicting the resting metabolic rate and total energy requirements of an athlete.

Chapters 11–14 are devoted to special issues related to sports nutrition and exercise, including eating disorders, female athletes and bone, nutrition for school-aged young athletes, and eating while traveling. These chapters are a strength of the book. Collectively, they provide useful information about special groups of athletes. The chapter on eating disorders is particularly well written and clearly defines definitions and diagnostic criteria of eating disorders, emphasizing the importance of anorexia athletica.

Appendix A lists in tabular form the energy expenditure from an extensive list of physical activities. Unfortunately, the table legend does not indicate the units the energy data are expressed in. Appendix B provides ages, heights, weights, and percentages of relative fat for athletes (mostly young adults) from a wide range of sports, and includes more than 125 published references. Both Appendixes A and B were reprinted with permission from other sources. It is unfortunate that the intended links between these appendixes and the book chapters and the reasons why these appendixes were included were not stated.

Collectively, Nutrition for Sport and Exercise provides well-written information that graduate students, coaches, trainers, and health care providers interested in the links between nutrition and exercise in athletics will find of interest. At $52.00, it is an affordable and a worthwhile purchase.

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