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Gastrointestinal transit, appetite, and energy balance in gastrectomized patients^1,2,3

¹ From the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (MMK, LEAT, VMMS, and RBdO).

² Supported by grants from the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo.

³ Reprints not available. Address correspondence to MM Kamiji, Rua Maestro Vila Lobos, 515 Jardim São Luiz, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. E-mail: maykamiji{at}hotmail.com.

Background: Alterations in gastrointestinal tract physiology after gastrectomy may affect appetite and energy balance.

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine energy balance, appetite, and gastrointestinal transit in subjects with gastrectomy.

Design: Seven subjects with total gastrectomy (TG) and 14 subjects with partial gastrectomy (PG), who were free from signs of recurrent disease, and 10 healthy control subjects were studied. Resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured by indirect calorimetry and compared with REE predicted by the Harris-Benedict equation (mREE/pREE%). Gastrointestinal transit was measured by scintigraphy. Habitual food intake was assessed, and appetite was measured during scintigraphy after ingestion of a test meal (361 kcal).

Results: Body mass index was not different among the groups. mREE/pREE% was higher in patients with PG (P < 0.01) than in control subjects. The TG group showed higher energy intake (P < 0.05) than the PG group and control subjects. Gastric emptying was faster in the PG group than in control subjects, and gastrointestinal transit was accelerated in both PG and TG groups. An intense, precocious postprandial fullness and a relatively early recovery of hunger and prospective consumption sensations were seen in these patients.

Conclusions: Patients with PG or TG have higher than predicted energy expenditure, which in TG seems to be compensated for by increased energy intake. These patients have preserved postprandial appetite responses and precocious postprandial fullness, which seem to be associated with disturbances in gastrointestinal transit of the ingested meal and are likely to be independent of vagal fiber integrity or stomach-released ghrelin.