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ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION |
1 From the Klinik für Thorax- und Kardiovaskularchirurgie (AZ, SF, HK, and RK) and Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin (CG, JK, and KK), Herzzentrum NRW, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Interdisziplinäres Stoffwechsel-Centrum; Lipidambulanz, Lipidapherese und Ernährungsmedizin Berlin, Germany (HKB); and Institut für Ernährungs- und Lebensmittelwissenschaften, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany (PS).
2 AZ and SF contributed equally to this work. 3 Supported by different German health insurance companies and the ‘Institut für Angewandte Telemedizin,’ Herzzentrum NRW, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany. Vitamin D was provided by Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, Germany. 4 Reprints not available. Address correspondence to A Zittermann, Klinik für Thorax- und Kardiovaskularchirurgie, Herzzentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Georgstraße 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany. E-mail: azittermann{at}hdz-nrw.de.
Background: High blood concentrations of parathyroid hormone and low concentrations of the vitamin D metabolites 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and calcitriol are considered new cardiovascular disease risk markers. However, there is also evidence that calcitriol increases lipogenesis and decreases lipolysis.
Objective: We investigated the effect of vitamin D on weight loss and traditional and nontraditional cardiovascular disease risk markers in overweight subjects.
Design: Healthy overweight subjects (n = 200) with mean 25(OH)D concentrations of 30 nmol/L (12 ng/mL) received vitamin D (83 µg/d) or placebo in a double-blind manner for 12 mo while participating in a weight-reduction program.
Results: Weight loss was not affected significantly by vitamin D supplementation (–5.7 ± 5.8 kg) or placebo (–6.4 ± 5.6 kg). However, mean 25(OH)D and calcitriol concentrations increased by 55.5 nmol/L and 40.0 pmol/L, respectively, in the vitamin D group but by only 11.8 nmol/L and 9.3 pmol/L, respectively, in the placebo group (P < 0.001), whereas a more pronounced decrease occurred in the vitamin D group than in the placebo group in blood concentrations of parathyroid hormone (–26.5% compared with –18.7%; P = 0.014), triglycerides (–13.5% compared with +3.0%; P < 0.001), and the inflammation marker tumor necrosis factor-
(–10.2% compared with –3.2%; P = 0.049). The beneficial biochemical effects were independent of the loss in body weight, fat mass, and sex. However, compared with placebo, vitamin D supplementation also increased LDL-cholesterol concentrations (+5.4% compared with –2.5%; P < 0.001).
Conclusions: The results indicate that a vitamin D supplement of 83 µg/d does not adversely affect weight loss and is able to significantly improve several cardiovascular disease risk markers in overweight subjects with inadequate vitamin D status participating in a weight-reduction program. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00493012.
This article has been cited by other articles:
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  A. G. Pittas, M. Chung, T. Trikalinos, J. Mitri, M. Brendel, K. Patel, A. H. Lichtenstein, J. Lau, and E. M. Balk Systematic Review: Vitamin D and Cardiometabolic Outcomes Ann Intern Med, March 2, 2010; 152(5): 307 - 314. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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