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Am J Clin Nutr 91: 794-801, 2010. First published December 23, 2009; doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.28255
 American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.28255
Vol. 91, No. 3, 794-801, March 2010
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© 2010 American Society for Clinical Nutrition

ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION

Gene-nutrient interactions in the metabolic syndrome: single nucleotide polymorphisms in ADIPOQ and ADIPOR1 interact with plasma saturated fatty acids to modulate insulin resistance1,2,3

Jane F Ferguson, Catherine M Phillips, Audrey C Tierney, Pablo Pérez-Martínez, Catherine Defoort, Olfa Helal, Denis Lairon, Richard Planells, Danielle I Shaw, Julie A Lovegrove, Ingrid MF Gjelstad, Christian A Drevon, Ellen E Blaak, Wim HM Saris, Iwona Leszczynska-Golabek, Beata Kiec-Wilk, Ulf Risérus, Brita Karlström, José Lopez- Miranda and Helen M Roche

1 From the University College Dublin Dublin Ireland (JFF CMP ACTHMR); the University of Reading Reading United Kingdom (DISJAL); the University of Oslo Oslo Norway (IMFGCAD); INSERM University Méditerranée Aix-Marseille Faculty of Medicine Marseille France (CD DL OHRP); the Research Institute Maastricht Maastricht Netherlands (EEBWHMS); the University of Cordoba Cordoba Spain (PPMJL-M); Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland (IL-GBK-W);Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden (URBK).

2 Supported by the European Commission, Framework Programme 6 (LIPGENE) contract number FOOD-CT-2003-505944; the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority, and the Johan Throne-Holst Foundation for Nutrition Research.

3 Address correspondence to HM Roche, Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD School of Public Health and Population Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Ireland. E-mail: helen.roche{at}ucd.ie.

Background: Progression of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is determined by genetic and environmental factors. Gene-environment interactions may be important in modulating the susceptibility to the development of MetS traits.

Objective: Gene-nutrient interactions were examined in MetS subjects to determine interactions between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) and its receptors (ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2) and plasma fatty acid composition and their effects on MetS characteristics.

Design: Plasma fatty acid composition, insulin sensitivity, plasma adiponectin and lipid concentrations, and ADIPOQ, ADIPOR1, and ADIPOR2 SNP genotypes were determined in a cross-sectional analysis of 451 subjects with the MetS who participated in the LIPGENE (Diet, Genomics, and the Metabolic Syndrome: an Integrated Nutrition, Agro-food, Social, and Economic Analysis) dietary intervention study and were repeated in 1754 subjects from the LIPGENE-SU.VI.MAX (SUpplementation en VItamines et Minéraux AntioXydants) case-control study (http://www.ucd.ie/lipgene).

Results: Single SNP effects were detected in the cohort. Triacylglycerols, nonesterified fatty acids, and waist circumference were significantly different between genotypes for 2 SNPs (rs266729 in ADIPOQ and rs10920533 in ADIPOR1). Minor allele homozygotes for both of these SNPs were identified as having degrees of insulin resistance, as measured by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, that were highly responsive to differences in plasma saturated fatty acids (SFAs). The SFA-dependent association between ADIPOR1 rs10920533 and insulin resistance was replicated in cases with MetS from a separate independent study, which was an association not present in controls.

Conclusions: A reduction in plasma SFAs could be expected to lower insulin resistance in MetS subjects who are minor allele carriers of rs266729 in ADIPOQ and rs10920533 in ADIPOR1. Personalized dietary advice to decrease SFA consumption in these individuals may be recommended as a possible therapeutic measure to improve insulin sensitivity. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00429195.