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This Article Full Text (Publish Ahead of Print[PDF]) All Versions of this Article: 89/4/1059    most recent ajcn.2008.27182v1 Purchase Article View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Villegas, R. Articles by Shu, X. O. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Villegas, R. Articles by Shu, X. O. Agricola Articles by Villegas, R. Articles by Shu, X. O.

Dietary calcium and magnesium intakes and the risk of type 2 diabetes: the Shanghai Women's Health Study^1,2,3

¹ From the Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN (RV, QD, GY, HC, WZ, and XOS), and the Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China (Y-TG and HL).

² Supported by the National Cancer Institute (US Public Health Service grant R01 CA070867).

³ Reprints not available. Address correspondence to R Villegas, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 600, Nashville, TN 37203-1738. E-mail: raquel.villegas{at}vanderbilt.edu.

ABSTRACT

Background: Diet plays a key role in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but little is known about the contributions of specific nutrients in populations in which dietary patterns differ from Western populations.

Objective: We examined associations between calcium and magnesium intakes and the risk of T2D in a Chinese population.

Design: We used data from a population-based, prospective study of 64,191 women who were free of T2D or other chronic diseases at study recruitment and were living in urban Shanghai, China. Dietary intake, physical activity, and anthropometric measurements were assessed through in-person interviews. A Cox regression model was used to evaluate the association of the exposures under study with the risk of T2D.

Results: An inverse association between calcium and magnesium intakes and T2D risk was observed. The relative risks for the lowest to the highest quintiles of calcium intake were 1.00, 0.82, 0.73, 0.67, and 0.74 (P for trend < 0.001), and for magnesium they were 1.00, 0.84, 0.84, 0.79, and 0.86 (P for trend < 0.001). Milk intake was also inversely associated with the risk of T2D.

Conclusion: Our data suggest that calcium and magnesium intakes may protect against the development of T2D in this population.

Received for publication October 31, 2008. Accepted for publication January 25, 2009.