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Highlights of Recent Research

November 2009

• More Evidence that Chocolate May Reduce Inflammation
  Controlled clinical study suggests that cocoa positively modulates inflammatory mediators in older individuals with high risk of cardiovascular disease.
  
• Latino Youth Who Increase Fiber Consumption May Lower Risk of Diabetes
  Study suggests that total sugar, added sugar, fructose, and sugary beverages are not related to blood sugar regulation, but more fiber may decrease abdominal obesity in at-risk youth.
  
• Vitamin C Status in the United States: Should We Look beyond Scurvy?
  National data indicate relative vitamin C adequacy in the US, although genetics may play an important role. However, some nutrition experts urge consideration of broader perspective (beyond scurvy prevention) on health outcomes.
  
• Vigorous Activity May Be Especially Important in Curbing Obesity in Kids
  Although “screen time” is positively related to obesity in children, moderate to vigorous activity remains key in curbing weight gain.
  

October 2009

• Consumption of a Vegan Diet Related to Small Decrease in Bone Density
  Meta-analysis of 9 studies suggests that vegans have lower bone density than omnivores, but the difference is relatively small and probably does not affect risk of bone fractures.
  
• Weight-Loss Maintenance Success May Be Related to Brain’s Response to Seeing Food
  Clinical trial shows that brains of individuals who are successful in keeping weight off after dieting respond differently to photos of food than do those of obese individuals.
  
• Fish Consumption during Pregnancy—Balancing the Risks with the Benefits
  Study of mothers and their infants living in Spain provides evidence that high fish consumption during pregnancy may have both risks and benefits.
  
• Nature Is Important, but Can It Be Trumped by Nurture?
  Researchers learn that inherited variations in genes can increase your risk of obesity, but increased physical activity might counteract this effect.
  

September 2009

• Systematic Review Finds that Conventional Foods Are Just As Nutritious As Organics
  
  
• Effects of Vitamin A Supplementation Differ Depending on Vaccination Status
  Study of over 10,000 children in Ghana suggests that vitamin A supplementation decreases mortality in nonvaccinated children but may increase mortality in girls vaccinated for measles
  
• Studies Do Not Support Unhealthful Relation between Animal Foods and Breast Cancer
  Series of studies do not lend support to contention that consumption of animal foods can increase a woman’s risk of breast cancer.
  
• More Evidence that High-Fiber Foods Prevent Chronic Disease
  Two large human studies provide evidence that increased consumption of high-fiber foods, such as whole-grain cereals, lowers risks of breast cancer in women and hypertension in men.